Psychiatric Medicines Guide

A comprehensive, patient-friendly guide to psychiatric medications. Understand what your medication does, how to take it, and what to expect.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Never start, stop, or change medication without consulting your psychiatrist.

SSRI Antidepressant

Fluoxetine

Prozac, Fludac, Flunil

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. It is one of the most widely prescribed psychiatric medications in the world, known for its effectiveness and relatively mild side effect profile.

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SSRI Antidepressant

Sertraline

Zoloft, Serlift, Daxid

Sertraline is an SSRI antidepressant commonly prescribed for depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and OCD. It is considered one of the safest and most effective first-line treatments for these conditions.

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SSRI Antidepressant

Escitalopram

Lexapro, Nexito, Cipralex

Escitalopram is the S-enantiomer of citalopram and is considered one of the most selective SSRIs available. It is widely prescribed for depression and generalized anxiety disorder due to its favorable side effect profile.

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SSRI Antidepressant

Paroxetine

Paxil, Paxtine, Pexep

Paroxetine is a potent SSRI with additional mild anticholinergic properties. It is effective for depression, anxiety disorders, and is particularly used for social anxiety and panic disorder.

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SNRI Antidepressant

Venlafaxine

Effexor, Venlor, Veniz

Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It affects both serotonin and norepinephrine systems, making it effective for depression, anxiety, and chronic pain conditions.

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SNRI Antidepressant

Duloxetine

Cymbalta, Duzela, Dulane

Duloxetine is an SNRI used for depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. It provides balanced serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition across its dosing range.

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Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)

Amitriptyline

Elavil, Tryptomer, Sarotena

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant, one of the oldest classes of antidepressants. While newer drugs have largely replaced it for depression, it remains valuable for chronic pain, migraine prevention, and insomnia.

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Atypical Antipsychotic

Olanzapine

Zyprexa, Oleanz, Olanex

Olanzapine is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and treatment-resistant depression. It is known for its broad receptor binding profile and effectiveness.

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Atypical Antipsychotic

Risperidone

Risperdal, Risdone, Sizodon

Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that effectively treats schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and behavioral disturbances. It has a well-studied safety profile and is available in oral and long-acting injectable forms.

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Atypical Antipsychotic

Quetiapine

Seroquel, Quel, Qutan

Quetiapine is a versatile atypical antipsychotic used across multiple psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and as an adjunct for depression. Its sedative properties make it useful for insomnia associated with psychiatric conditions.

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Atypical Antipsychotic

Aripiprazole

Abilify, Arzu, Aripra

Aripiprazole is a unique atypical antipsychotic that acts as a partial dopamine agonist. It has a favorable metabolic profile compared to other antipsychotics and is used for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and as an adjunct for depression.

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Typical Antipsychotic

Haloperidol

Haldol, Serenace, Senorm

Haloperidol is a high-potency typical (first-generation) antipsychotic. Despite being older, it remains essential for acute psychosis, delirium, and severe agitation. Available in oral, IM, and IV formulations.

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Atypical Antipsychotic

Clozapine

Clozaril, Sizopin, Lozapin

Clozapine is the gold-standard treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It is the only antipsychotic proven to reduce suicidality in schizophrenia. Due to serious side effects, it requires mandatory blood monitoring.

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Mood Stabilizer

Lithium

Eskalith, Licab, Intalith

Lithium is the oldest and most well-established mood stabilizer. It remains the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder and is the only medication proven to reduce suicide risk in mood disorders. Requires regular blood level monitoring.

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Mood Stabilizer / Anticonvulsant

Valproate / Divalproex

Depakote, Encorate, Valparin

Valproate (available as valproic acid, sodium valproate, or divalproex sodium) is a mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant widely used for bipolar disorder, epilepsy, and migraine prevention.

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Mood Stabilizer / Anticonvulsant

Lamotrigine

Lamictal, Lamitor, Lametec

Lamotrigine is a mood stabilizer particularly effective for preventing depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. It has a favorable metabolic and cognitive profile, making it well-tolerated for long-term use.

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Mood Stabilizer / Anticonvulsant

Carbamazepine

Tegretol, Zen Retard, Mazetol

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer used for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and trigeminal neuralgia. It is an effective alternative when lithium is not tolerated or ineffective.

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Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

Alprazolam

Xanax, Alprax, Restyl

Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine primarily used for panic disorder and generalized anxiety. It provides rapid relief but carries significant risk of dependence with prolonged use.

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Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic/Anticonvulsant)

Clonazepam

Klonopin, Rivotril, Clonotril

Clonazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for seizure disorders and panic disorder. Its longer half-life provides more stable blood levels and less interdose withdrawal than shorter-acting benzodiazepines.

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Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

Lorazepam

Ativan, Loram, Calmese

Lorazepam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine widely used for acute anxiety, agitation, seizures, and pre-procedural sedation. It is metabolized by glucuronidation, making it safer in liver disease than most benzodiazepines.

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Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)

Zolpidem

Ambien, Zolfresh, Stilnox

Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sleep aid that selectively binds to GABA-A receptors. It helps with sleep initiation and is intended for short-term use (2-4 weeks) for insomnia.

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CNS Stimulant (ADHD Medication)

Methylphenidate

Ritalin, Concerta, Inspiral

Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed stimulant for ADHD. It improves attention, focus, and behavioral control in both children and adults with ADHD. Available in immediate and extended-release formulations.

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Non-Stimulant ADHD Medication

Atomoxetine

Strattera, Axepta, Attentrol

Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication for ADHD that works through norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. It is a good option for patients who cannot tolerate stimulants or have a history of substance abuse.

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Opioid Antagonist (De-addiction)

Naltrexone

ReVia, Naltima, Nodict

Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist used for alcohol dependence and opioid addiction prevention. It blocks the rewarding effects of alcohol and opioids, reducing cravings and relapse risk.

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Alcohol Deterrent (De-addiction)

Disulfiram

Antabuse, Esperal, De-addict

Disulfiram is an alcohol-deterrent medication that causes extremely unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed. It works as a psychological deterrent to drinking rather than reducing cravings.

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Anti-craving (De-addiction)

Acamprosate

Campral, Acamptas

Acamprosate helps maintain abstinence from alcohol by normalizing brain chemistry disrupted by chronic alcohol use. It reduces the discomfort of early sobriety and helps prevent relapse.

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Partial Opioid Agonist (De-addiction)

Buprenorphine

Subutex, Suboxone, Addnok

Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist used for opioid addiction treatment. Its ceiling effect on respiratory depression makes it safer than full agonists like methadone. Often combined with naloxone (Suboxone) to prevent misuse.

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Anxiolytic (Non-Benzodiazepine)

Buspirone

BuSpar, Buspin, Buscalm

Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic used for generalized anxiety disorder. Unlike benzodiazepines, it does not cause sedation, dependence, or withdrawal, making it ideal for long-term anxiety management.

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Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressant (NaSSA)

Mirtazapine

Remeron, Mirtaz, Mirt

Mirtazapine is a unique antidepressant that works by enhancing both norepinephrine and serotonin release. Its sedating and appetite-stimulating properties make it particularly useful for patients with insomnia and weight loss.

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NDRI Antidepressant

Bupropion

Wellbutrin, Zyban, Bupron

Bupropion is unique among antidepressants as it works on dopamine and norepinephrine without affecting serotonin. It is the only antidepressant that does not cause sexual dysfunction or weight gain, and also aids smoking cessation.

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Wakefulness-Promoting Agent

Modafinil

Provigil, Modalert, Modvigil

Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent used for excessive sleepiness. Unlike traditional stimulants, it has a lower abuse potential and fewer cardiovascular side effects.

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Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Dementia)

Donepezil

Aricept, Donep, Alzil

Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. It does not cure dementia but can temporarily improve or stabilize cognitive function and daily living activities.

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NMDA Receptor Antagonist (Dementia)

Memantine

Namenda, Admenta, Memantia

Memantine is used for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. It works differently from cholinesterase inhibitors and can be used alone or in combination with donepezil for enhanced benefit.

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Anticonvulsant / Neuropathic Pain

Gabapentin

Neurontin, Gabapin, Gabator

Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant widely used off-label for neuropathic pain, anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. Despite its name, it does not directly affect GABA receptors.

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Anticonvulsant / Anxiolytic

Pregabalin

Lyrica, Pregeb, Pregalin

Pregabalin is structurally related to gabapentin but with superior bioavailability and more predictable dosing. It is approved for neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, generalized anxiety disorder, and epilepsy.

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PDE5 Inhibitor (Erectile Dysfunction)

Sildenafil

Viagra, Manforce, Penegra

Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor used for erectile dysfunction. It enhances the natural erectile response to sexual stimulation and does not cause an erection without stimulation.

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PDE5 Inhibitor (Erectile Dysfunction)

Tadalafil

Cialis, Megalis, Tadacip

Tadalafil is a long-acting PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction. Its 36-hour duration of action (vs. 4-6 hours for sildenafil) allows more spontaneity and it can also be taken daily at a low dose.

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SSRI (Premature Ejaculation)

Dapoxetine

Priligy, Duratia, Poxet

Dapoxetine is a short-acting SSRI specifically developed for premature ejaculation. Unlike other SSRIs used for depression, it is taken on-demand rather than daily, with rapid onset and short duration.

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Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI)

Trazodone

Desyrel, Trazonil, Trazalon

Trazodone is a multifunctional antidepressant primarily used at low doses for insomnia due to its strong sedative effects. At higher doses, it functions as an antidepressant.

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Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)

Clomipramine

Anafranil, Clomine, Ocifril

Clomipramine is the most serotonergic tricyclic antidepressant and is considered the gold standard for OCD treatment. It is effective when SSRIs fail and is also used for panic disorder and depression.

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